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In the increasingly globalized world, developing global health competency (GHC) education by determining the required core elements for undergraduates is on the rise. A growing number of people from different backgrounds have migrated to Japan. To accommodate their various healthcare needs, potential GHC elements that facilitate Japanese GHC education should be identified. This paper aims to extract some of the key GHC elements required for students in medical and healthcare fields based on the abundant experience of Japan’s international health cooperation and to make recommendations for GHC education in Japan and worldwide. To date, Japan’s international health cooperation has cultivated a variety of competencies to realize its mission of reducing global health disparities. Japanese GHC elements are the bases of core concepts in healthcare and share commonalities with GHC elements in global communities: Cultural competency, “Go to the People”, respect for diversity, transdisciplinary collaboration, capacity building, independence, people/patient-centered healthcare, and empowerment. Comprehensive preparation of these elements is found among kabuki kurokos (black robes), people dressed in all black who assist kabuki actors onstage during performances. The black worn by the kurokos means “nothingness”; they should be invisible on stage, so as not to interfere with the performance. Kurokos understand the culture (values, behaviors, etc.) of the lead actors, manage and coordinate stage proceedings to meet the actors’ needs, and help them achieve the best performance by collaborating with other backstage workers. Kurokos’s empowering leadership competency is akin to the Western concept of servant-leadership, which emphasizes being a servant first and devoting oneself to enabling greater health and independence/autonomy among vulnerable people. Japanese educators can exemplify kuroko values by providing their students with GHC education. Japanese GHC elements can be integrated into worldwide GHC education. Spiritual care is also essential for inclusion in GHC education to develop students’ holistic care competency.
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O presente artigo objetivou examinar como se dá a cooperação em saúde entre o Brasil e os países de língua oficial portuguesa, de forma tanto bilateral quanto multilateral, com destaque para as ações adotadas pela Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. Após análise dos desafios às iniciativas de cooperação, apontaram-se os avanços já obtidos e as perspectivas que se apresentam, com vistas a concretizar o cumprimento das metas da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas. Também se evidenciou a necessidade de minimizar os atrasos e paralisações que ocorrem quando há mudanças administrativas; de criar um marco legal que defina como se deve dar a cooperação brasileira nos planos bilateral e multilateral, fundada nos princípios que regem o Estado em suas relações internacionais, na busca de sustentabilidade financeira e em uma melhor análise prévia dos projetos a serem desenvolvidos, com uma avaliação posterior de seus resultados; bem como a necessidade de estabelecer mecanismos de resposta a crises humanitárias. Concluiu-se que a cooperação em saúde proporciona um aprendizado recíproco e pode ser vista como uma ferramenta de aperfeiçoamento nessa área. A pesquisa adotou metodologia analítica e quantitativa, de cunho bibliográfico e documental, e se pretendeu exploratória ao apontar possíveis respostas às questões levantadas.
This article aimed to examine how health cooperation between Brazil and Portuguese-speaking countries takes place, both bilaterally and multilaterally, with emphasis on the actions taken by the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries. After analyzing the challenges to cooperation initiatives, the advances already achieved and the prospects presented were pointed out, with a view to achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations. It also highlighted the need to minimize delays and stoppages that occur when there are administrative changes; to create a legal framework that defines how Brazilian cooperation should take place at bilateral and multilateral levels, based on the principles that govern the State, in its international relations, in the search for financial sustainability and a better prior analysis of the projects to be developed, with a further evaluation of its results; as well as the need to establish mechanisms to respond to humanitarian crises. It was conclude that health cooperation provides reciprocal learning and can be seen as a tool for improvement in this area. The research adopted an analytical and quantitative methodology, of bibliographic and documentary nature, and intended to be exploratory in pointing out possible answers to the questions raised.
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Guideline AdherenceABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize and analyze the status of health cooperation achievement strategies between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road",determine the implications thereof, and provide reference for future practical cooperation between the China and those countries in the field of health. Methods : The relevant literature was retrieved from the research database from articles published in both Chinese and English during the period from 2013 to 2017, and the literature research method was used to summarize the status quo of health cooperation. Results : According to the exclusion criteria, 116 articles were selected. The analysis showed that the main research focus falls in the following seven aspects for both domestic and foreign scholars : The dissemination of Chinese medicine culture promotes international cooperation in Chinese medicine; the prevention and control of infectious diseases needs to further strengthen the construction of international mechanisms; the health services and systems requiremutual learning from international experience; health industry has broad prospects for development; health emergency cooperation encounters the problem of inadequate coordination mechanisms and language barriers; the research on health development assistance goes deep; and health professionals training focuses on training mode. Conclusions: The existing research topics were of great coverage in range and had the highest attention to Chinese medicine,yet least considered talent cultivation. The research showed that cooperation in various health departments emphasized on international experience and the joint participation of the government and civil society. However, the research on laws and regulations, international conventions and practices, and different families' cooperation requirements related with health cooperation mechanisms need to be further strengthened.
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Objective: To understand the health cooperation intentions, demands, advantages and obstacles that are being experienced by countries along the Belt and Road,and to provide reference for China to deepen health cooperation with those countries in regard. Methods : A seminar was held at the High Level Symposium to find out about the health cooperation status among the "Belt and Road" countries, whereby the theme was: "Belt and Road for Health Cooperation towards a Health Silk Road". Therefore, a survey was conducted among 217 Chinese and foreign guests who were invited to attend the seminar. 209 questionnaires were valid and the effective rate was 96. 3％ after the questionnaire analysis carried out using SPSS22. 0. Results : Research results showed that among the respondents, 91. 7％ of the surveyed foreign partners are willing to cooperate in health, while only 73. 2％ of the Chinese respondents desired the cooperation. The demands for health cooperation between both countries was mainly about health industry,medical and health services, and infectious disease prevention and control. Both China and foreign countries confirmed that cooperation convenience and long-term partnership were the advantages of health cooperation among Belt and Road countries, while differences were highlighted in preferential policies. The biggest challenge was found to be the cultural differences. Among other disadvantages are the lack of communication platforms, the pressure of laws and regulations, unstable policies, etc. Conclusions : The willingness and broad space to cooperate in health are strong and large forboth China and foreign countries,and they are intending to put much of emphasis on health institutions,medical and health services and prevention and control of infectious diseases in the future. It is hence suggested that health cooperation should make good use of existing advantages of partnership and convenience,and overcome found obstacles in orderto deepen cooperation in the health industry.
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Faced with huge demand for building public health capacity in the post-Ebola era, Africa Union has planned to establish Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( Africa CDC,ACDC), with headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and at least 5 regional collaborating centers in each region of the continent .The strategic objectives of ACDC focus on building a continental integrated public health system and strengthening needed public health capacity .The current study analyzed the background , plans, development layout and strategy of ACDC , and provided references for China-Africa cooperation in the areas of public health and for the formulation of China global strategies of biosecurity and disease prevention and control .
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Health is heavily influenced by behavioral, social and environmental determinants as well as the biomedical characteristics of individuals. The World Health Organization announced the Health Promotion Charter in Ottawa, Canada in 1986 as a strategy to enable people to have control over and improve these health determinants. This is therefore essential to prevent disease and illness due to risky behavior as well as unsound social and natural environments. Whereas all developing countries have numerous health issues regarding behavior and environment, they need the Health Promotion strategy. Japan has so far implemented a lot of programs of health education and environment improvement to control over such determinants. Thus, Japan should promote and disseminate the Health Promotion project more in international health cooperation through official development assistance for developing countries.